GONZALES vs. COURT OF APPEALS

GONZALES vs. COURT OF APPEALS

G.R. No. 110335 - June 18, 2001

FACTS:

The now deceased spouses Ignacio and Marina Gonzales were the registered owners of two parcels of agricultural land situated at Barrio Fortaleza, Cabanatuan City, covered by TCT No. 2742 and denominated as Lot 551-C and Lot 552-A. Herein petitioners are the successors-in-interest or the children and grandchildren of said Gonzales spouses. On the other hand, private respondents are the farmers and tenants of said spouses who have been cultivating the parcels of land even before the World War II either personally or through their predecessors-in-interest.

On May 7, 1969, Marina Gonzales died intestate and appointed as administratrix of her estate was petitioner Lilia Gonzales. Prior to the partition of the said estate, Ignacio Gonzales executed a Deed of Donation on July 12, 1972 conveying his share of the property, specifically Lot 551-C, in favor of his 14 grandchildren. The said donation was not registered. Thus, when PD No. 27 took effect on October 21, 1972, the landholdings of the spouses Gonzales were placed under Operation Land Transfer by virtue of said decree, and private respondents were accordingly issued the corresponding Certificates of Land Transfer and Emancipation Patent.

On March 5, 1974, the administratrix Lilia Gonzales filed an application for retention with the then Ministry of Agrarian Reform, requesting that their property be excluded from the coverage of Operation Land Transfer. After initial investigation, Hearing Officer Melchor Pagsolingan recommended the denial of said application for retention and this action was affirmed by the Assistant Secretary of Agrarian Reform Benjamin Labayen, in an order dated September 12, 1977. Apparently, however, a reinvestigation was conducted, resulting in the present DAR resolution dated February 23, 1983, recommending that the land subject of the deed of donation, or Lot 551-C, be exempt from Operation Land Transfer. On September 3, 1991, DAR Secretary Benjamin Leong issued an order declaring that the subject landholdings covered by the deed of donation are exempt from Operation Land Transfer, and cancelling the Certificates of Land Transfer issued in favor of private respondents.

Aggrieved by this ruling, private respondents filed a petition for certiorari with the Court of Appeals which rendered a decision on March 15, 1993, reversing the action of the DAR and upholding the certificates of land transfer and emancipation patent. Petitioners moved for a reconsideration but the same was denied by the Court of Appeals in its Resolution dated May 17, 1993. Thus, the instant petition was filed before the Supreme Court.

ISSUE:

Whether or not the deed of donation executed affects the rights of the farmers and tenants in the case at bar.

RULING:

No.

Article 749 of the Civil Code provides inter alia that “in order that the donation of an immovable may be valid, it must be made in a public document, specifying therein the property donated and the value of the charges which the donee must satisfy.” Corollarily, Article 709 of the same Code explicitly states that “the titles of ownership, or other rights over immovable property, which are not duly inscribed or annotated in the Registry of Property shall not prejudice third persons.” From the foregoing provisions, it may be inferred that as between the parties to a donation of an immovable property, all that is required is for said donation to be contained in a public document. Registration is not necessary for it is to be considered valid and effective. However, in order to bind third persons, the donation must be registered in the Registry of Property (now Registry of Land Titles and Deeds). Although non-registration of a deed of donation shall not affect its validity, the necessity of registration comes into play when the rights of third persons are affected, as in the case at bar.